Cohesion & Flow
Cause–Effect Markers

Use because, therefore, so to show causal links.

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What it is

Words that explicitly connect actions to their consequences, making logical relationships crystal clear to listeners.

Before & after

Before

“We raised prices. Churn rose.”

After

“We raised prices, therefore churn rose.”

When you’ll use it

Root cause analysis: 'Because the server crashed, we lost 2 hours of sales. Consequently, revenue dropped 15%.'

Decision justification: 'Since user feedback was negative, we redesigned the interface. As a result, satisfaction improved.'

Project retrospectives: 'Due to late requirements, we missed the deadline. Therefore, we're implementing earlier stakeholder reviews.'

Pro tip

Name cause, then name effect, in that order.

Questions & answers

3 questions

What are cause-effect markers in business presentations?

Cause-effect markers are words and phrases that signal causal relationships between ideas, such a...

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How do cause-effect markers improve presentation clarity?

These markers make logical relationships explicit, help audiences follow complex reasoning, reduc...

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What are the most effective cause-effect markers for business communication?

Effective markers include 'Therefore,' 'As a result,' 'Consequently,' 'This leads to,' 'Due to th...

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