Why might a town regulate one water network instead of building rival ones?
Competition sounds straightforward until every supplier needs to dig up the same street. Water pipes make the idea of a natural monopoly tangible: a network can involve large fixed costs while serving another household costs much less. A single network creates a different problem, though: who keeps its prices and service accountable?
Questions you could explore
- When would duplicating infrastructure waste resources?
- What trade-offs arise when a regulator sets prices?
Start reading
- OpenStax11.3 Regulating Natural Monopolies
Uses water infrastructure to explain falling average costs and the choices facing a regulator.
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