Why can two speech sounds count as one in another language?
A small puff of air can have different jobs in different languages. In the English examples in MIT’s notes, aspiration varies with a consonant’s position; in Hindi, an aspiration contrast can distinguish words. Counting a language’s sound categories therefore involves more than listing every sound a mouth can produce.
Questions you could explore
- What is the difference between noticing a sound difference and using it to distinguish words?
Start reading
- MIT OpenCourseWarePhonology Summary, 24.900 Introduction to Linguistics, Fall 2012
The English and Hindi examples show how the same physical difference can be a predictable variant in one sound system and distinguish words in another.
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