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When you say “we,” is the listener included?

English “we” can include the person being addressed, or leave them out. Indonesian distinguishes these meanings with kita and kami: kita includes the listener, while kami excludes them. The distinction concerns membership of the group, not simply how many people it contains.

5–7 min

Questions you could explore

  • How could changing the listener change the pronoun without changing the group’s size?

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When you say “we,” is the listener included? | Speech Topic | speaking.app