Back to topics

What does a map promise to preserve?

Flattening Earth into a map requires choices. A projection can preserve area, local angles, or particular distance relationships, but these promises are different. A map suited to comparing the size of countries may be poorly suited to another task, even when both maps look familiar.

5–7 min

Questions you could explore

  • Which property matters most for the question a map is meant to answer?

Start reading

Ready to try your ideas aloud?

Your topic carries over. Record up to 2½ minutes, depending on your plan.

Maths and statistics

When one long wait changes the average

An average wait can sound straightforward until one person waits much longer than everyone else. The mean and median offer two ways to summarize that same group. Their different responses to an unusually large value raise a practical question: what do we want an average to tell us?

5–7 min
Maths and statistics

How is random sampling different from random assignment?

A study can choose people at random, assign them to groups at random, do both, or do neither. Those choices answer different problems: who the findings may describe, and how fairly the study compares conditions.

3–5 min
What does a map promise to preserve? | Speech Topic | speaking.app