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How can repeated exceptions make a warning sign seem normal?

A warning can start to feel routine when earlier incidents did not end in disaster. A NASA engineer’s retrospective on Columbia describes how previous foam strikes became a reason to discount concern, even though a safe landing had not demonstrated that the underlying problem was harmless.

3–7 min

Questions you could explore

  • What evidence would distinguish an understood risk from a risk that has merely been tolerated?

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Ethics and philosophy

When does a conclusion follow, and when is it a prediction?

A rule can tell you what must follow if its premises are true. A pattern in observations can suggest what you may find next. Deduction and induction make these different kinds of move: a valid deduction still needs true premises, while further observations can overturn an inductive generalization.

3–5 min

When does a conclusion follow, and when is it a prediction?

Ethics and philosophy3–5 minA rule can tell you what must follow if its premises are true. A pattern in observations can suggest what you may find next. Deduction and induction make these different kinds of move: a valid deduction still needs true premises, while further observations can overturn an inductive generalization.

Ethics and philosophy

Why can two trolley dilemmas feel so different?

Two imagined choices can save the same number of people yet feel morally different. Redirecting a runaway trolley and using a person to stop it raise questions about intentions, duties, and whether a good result can justify the means.

3–7 min

Why can two trolley dilemmas feel so different?

Ethics and philosophy3–7 minTwo imagined choices can save the same number of people yet feel morally different. Redirecting a runaway trolley and using a person to stop it raise questions about intentions, duties, and whether a good result can justify the means.

Ethics and philosophy

Is the red you see the same red that I see?

We can agree that a tomato is red and choose the same matching paint. Does that agreement show that red feels the same to each of us? The puzzle separates what we can compare publicly from what another person’s experience is like.

4–6 min

Is the red you see the same red that I see?

Ethics and philosophy4–6 minWe can agree that a tomato is red and choose the same matching paint. Does that agreement show that red feels the same to each of us? The puzzle separates what we can compare publicly from what another person’s experience is like.

How can repeated exceptions make a warning sign seem normal? | Speech Topic | speaking.app