Does an electron from the battery have to reach the bulb first?
A lamp can respond quickly even though the average drift of electrons through its wire is slow. Charges are already present throughout an ordinary metal circuit, and an electrical signal travels through the system much faster than those charges drift. Following one electron all the way from a battery is therefore the wrong clock for the lamp's response.
Questions you could explore
- What can a line of objects passing a push explain well, and where might that analogy mislead?
Start reading
- OpenStaxUniversity Physics Volume 2: Model of Conduction in Metals
Distinguishes average charge-carrier drift from the much faster propagation of an electrical signal in a metal circuit.
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