Language Fundamentals
Prepositions at Sentence End
Modern usage allows ending sentences with prepositions when it sounds natural.
In Language FundamentalsLast updated
What it is
The practice of ending sentences with prepositions, which is grammatically acceptable in modern English despite traditional prohibitions, especially when avoiding it creates stilted or unnatural phrasing in professional communication.
Before & after
Before
“Overly formal: "About what are you concerned?" (stilted)”
After
“Natural usage: "What are you concerned about?" (conversational and clear)”
When you’ll use it
Client meetings: "Which project are you working on?" (natural vs "On which project are you working?")
Team discussions: "What are we waiting for?" (natural vs "For what are we waiting?")
Performance reviews: "What should we focus on?" (natural vs "On what should we focus?")
Strategic planning: "Which market are we competing in?" (natural vs "In which market are we competing?")
Pro tip
Choose the version that sounds more natural to your audience.
Questions & answers
Can I end sentences with prepositions in business writing?
Yes, ending sentences with prepositions is acceptable in modern business writing when it sounds natural and clear. 'Which project are you working on?' is better than 'On which project are you working?' Prioritize clarity over rigid rules.
When should I avoid ending sentences with prepositions?
Avoid it in very formal documents, when addressing conservative audiences, or when you can rephrase naturally without losing clarity. However, never sacrifice clarity or create awkward phrasing just to avoid ending with a preposition.
How do I handle prepositions in formal business presentations?
In formal presentations, you can often rephrase naturally: 'Which challenges do we face?' instead of 'Which challenges are we dealing with?' But don't force awkward constructions. Natural, clear communication always takes priority.
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